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Petition of Fiscal Services Limited
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On 21th July 1998 His Honour the
Acting Deemster Corrin heard evidence and submissions adduced by
both the Appellant and the Respondent on the Respondent's motion.
His analysis of the position may be summarised thus -
[a] It was agreed that on 25th September 1996 Mr Heikki
Leisvuori and Mr Tero Lahti ["the Trustees"], both Finnish lawyers,
were appointed as the Trustees in bankruptcy of the Appellant.
Given that at the time of the bankruptcy order the Appellant was
domiciled in Finland and submitted to the jurisdiction of the
Finnish Court, Acting Deemster Corrin recognised such appointment
[b] He accepted the unchallenged legal
opinion of Professor Vesa-Majamaa of. Helsinki University that
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"When a person or a company is declared bankrupt, the debtor
loses his capacity to dispose of his property and the bankrupt's
estate takes over the capacity formerly held by the debtor.
This transfer of legitimacy as the proper party from the debtor
to the bankrupt's estate is the major and most. significant
procedural and legal impact of the bankruptcy. When the debtor
loses his legitimacy as the proper party to the bankrupt's estate,
the respective property is understood in the widest possible
sense. The property comprises all distrainable, asset-related
rights that have belonged to the debtor. In addition to the
objects and rights held by the debtor and belonging to the debtor
at the moment of the bankruptcy, the bankrupt's estate substitutes
the debtor in all contracts made by the debtor in which the
mutual performance liabilities mature after the declaration
of the bankruptcy. The bankrupt's estate also substitutes the
debtor in legal proceedings pending at the moment of the bankruptcy
and initiated by the debtor in all cases where the disputed
property item or right is regarded as being property belonging
to the bankrupt's estate. Thus the debtor loses his capacity
to conduct a civil case initiated by him. In spite of the bankruptcy,
the property belonging to the bankrupt's estate remains in the
debtor's name, however, since the debtor has lost all his capacity
to dispose of it, the trustees dispose of it on behalf of the
debtor, either alone or with the consent of the other creditors
(majority of creditors) in the bankruptcy. Moreover, the bankrupt's
estate may also settle a disputed case and terminate legal proceedings
that have been initiated by the debtor prior to the bankruptcy.
This decision can be made by the majority of the creditors.
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